Trailer coupling



May 31,y 1949.

W. BENNETT TRAILER GOUPLING 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 20, 1946 G T lllllll IILTIIIIL nu w 4 5 2 a M @a a a 3 7 4 4v w 0 u 4 fw 3rn 6 M 3 PV I LF L I?? v5.27 ar" ZZEZE'EENDEZ" May 3l, 1949.A w. BENNETT TRAILER COUPLING 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 20, 1946 Mw www@ May 31, 1949. w. BENNETT TRAILER COUPLING 5 Sheets-Sheet Filed Sept. 20, 1946 frm/5.27 haar' Patented May 3 1, 1949 TRAILER COUPLING Walter Bennett, Los Angeles, Calif., assigner to Utility Trailer Manufacturing Company, Los Angeles, Calif., a. corporation of California Application September 20, 1946, Serial No. 698,094

12 Claims. 1

This invention relates to the coupling and support of semi-trailers; the general purpose of the invention being to provide a simplified form of cooperative mechanism which cooperates :the coupler with the trailer support in such manner as to insure the support being in fully operative position to support the trailer when the coupler is released or opened to free the trailer from the towing vehicle.

One of the major characteristics of the invention, and which contributes much to its simplicity, resides in its capability of utilizing and preferably, in its provision of a simple form of flexible connection between the coupler and supportinvolving a flexible connecting member such as a chain or cable or any other flexible element which performs the function of a belt. Linkage systems including such elements as push rods, shafts, arms and links have commonly been heretofore used for connection between the coupler and support. Such connective arrangements have usually involved not only a plurality of members but have also necessitated some accuracy in the mounting of those members in bearings upon the trailer frame. The use of a simple flexible member as the interconnective element does away with most of the necessity for accurate mounting.

In an interconnected system utilizing a flexible interconnective element such as a cable, it is another feature of my invention that it provides means which compensate for elastic stretch of the cable, making certain that the support is in its fully effective supporting position, forced to that position if necessary, and nally locked in that position, before the coupler can open to release the trailer from the towing vehicle. The

provisions of the invention for that and other Fig. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal Vertical section showing the parts which are shown in Figs. l. and 2 and also showing a typical, form of drop leg support for the trailer and the cable interconnection between the coupler and the drop leg support;

Fig. 4 is a reduced cross section taken as indicated by line 4 4 on Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a detailed cross section on line 5-5 of Fig. 3 and at the scale of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a detail cross section on line 6--6 of Fig. 5, showing the drop leg lowered and in trailer supporting condition;

Fig. 7 is a similar section showing the drop leg raised;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail section on line 3--0 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged section taken as indicated by lines 9--9 of Figs. 5 and 10, and

Fig. 10 is a section taken as indicated by line lll-'I0 on Fig. 9.

The trailer support which is here shown and described is not, in itself, the direct subject-matter of this invention or of this application, but only insofar as the support is herein combined with the coupler to form a cooperative organization in which the support is operated by operation of the coupler. 'I'he drop leg support of the type herein described is primarily the subjectmatter of my prior application Serial No. 579,569,

" filed February 24, 1945, entitled Drop leg and coupler interlock for trailers, now Patent No. 2,417,903, issued March 25, 1947.

The present application deals with that type of trailer and towing vehicle wherein the kingpin or similar coupling element is mounted upon the towing vehicle and the coupler mechanism is mounted upon the trailer. In a copending application filed on even date herewith, Serial No. 698,095, I have disclosed a design in which the flexible inter-connective means is capable of application to a trailer-tractor combination wherein the king-pin is mounted on the trailer and the coupler or lock is mounted on the tractor.

In the accompanying drawings, the frame or other equivalent structure of the trailer is designated generally by the numeral 20. The forward end of the vframe is shown as provided with rollers 2l to support that forward end as it rides up over the tractor or a fth wheel on the tractor; and the forward end of the trailer frame is also shown as being provided with a lower surface plate 22 having a longitudinal slot 23 reaching rearwardly from its forward edge for reception of the tractor king-pin which is indicated at 24. A coupler unit, generally designated by the numeral 25 is rotatably mounted on a vertical pivot pin or trunnion 26 which is suitably mounted on plate 22 or on other appropriate structure of the trailer frame in a position offset laterally from the closed inner end of slot over the coupler y slot `35.

3 23. As here illustrated the lower end of pivot 26 is mounted directly on the plate 22, and its upper end is mounted in a bracket .21 which is attached to plate 22.

In its preferred design, as here shown the coupler unit 25 is made up essentially of an upper drum member 3E! and a lower camming and locking member 3 I' forming a structure which is preferable integral.' The `lower camming and'locking member 3| is preferably of small vertical thickness and somewhat fiat in general form, asfY i-s shown in Fig. 3; and it lies close to frame plate 22. In general, this locking and cammingmember 3l comprises two arms which project from pivot 26 and which formsfbetween them thekinge-f pin receiving slot 35. One ofthese farmsgfdesignated 36, may be calledthe .locking arm asits function is to hold the king-pin" 24 at the rear end of plate slot 23, as shown ineFig". Zelf-.The other arm, designated 31, may be called the cou- {.pler closing arm. as its-function is to swing the coupler from the open-position of Fig. -1l tothe closed position of Fig, 2 as king-.pin 24 moves l rearwardly in tplateslot- 23. .Slot 35 between the two arms is preferably.n curved in formation as u illustrated, its curved-walls being formed by the opposing edge faces of the.. two `arnris36 and 31. The locking arm 36 has an upstanding lug 40 to which one end of run 4i of the connective cable is attached. Thisportionflll ofthecable lies closely above the upper face of the lower coupler #member 3|. The end of theother run. 42 of the cable, lying atahigheneleVation is connected. to ...the.higherfupstandinglug 43 .on the'coupler. arm

3l." The two cable runs both bean-upon drum 30, wrapping around opposite `sides of the drum as 4is fvseen frornFigs. :1 .and 2.,..with cableV run'42 at a relatively.highelevationand cable end 4 I prefer- .=-.ably at a-relativelylow elevation..4 In all positions Y ofthe coupler, cablerun. 42 isshown as crossing Such crossing of the 4 slot is not absolutely necessary, as will berealized 1 when theoperation of 4the coupler is understood, ybut it is desirable in-order to provide room forthe cable connectivedevices which Iare not flexible fand cannot well wraparoundathe drum.

As will be evident from Fig. 2 whichshows the ...position ofcable. endl 42 in the closed position of u the coupler,- the` extreme end ofV 42 might be connected to coupler arm 31 at. about` the point designated X in. Fig. 2. If then the cable were flex- .I .fible up to its extreme end 4there would be no interference with its wrapping flexibly aboutthe drum. It is however .desirable if not necessary .that the ...cable be provided atits end `with a suitable attach- `ment .element,.and it is .that `attachment element ofcable en-d 42 which crossesthe-couplerslot 35.

As here shown,=the attachment element comprises a.sleeve or socket-45 inwhiich, the end of the ..1iexible cable is secured, and a screw-.threaded r ...stud 46 whose end passes through the lugl 43- and issecured by.nuts 41. 4.The otherend 4l of. the

cable isprovided with a duplicateattachment ele- ...ment which. adjustablysecures it to its lug- `4l).

The twoadjustments provideample means lfor .keeping .the cable in ztighttension.

It .will be noted that the wall o circular drum I... 30 is not endl-ess,.but has abreak or-open-ing at j 50between two'. ends 30a and .305....This break in [..the drumwall lies above coupler vslot 35 so that I the king-pin canenterslot 35 to a point close to ycentral pivot 26, as shown in Fig. 2.v The king-pin vent the coupler from rising off the king-pin when the coupler is closed. The opening -50 in the drum wall, and the relatively high elevation of cable end 42, allow the headed king-pin to pass rearwardly and inwardly in coupler slot 35 to its ultimate locked position shown in Fig. 2. The opening 56 is shown as a complete break in the drum wall-,forming an aperture in that wall extending to .its .top. It is .only necessary however 10 that this king-pin passing aperture extend up far i enough to pass the king-pin head. The upper part of the drum wall can be continuous. l' In its closed position of Fig. 2 the coupler stands `with'its lockingarm 36 directly across slot 23, 15 .holding king-.pin 24 at the closed rear end of the ffslotj'l To hold-the coupler in that position, and also to. hold. the support in its non-supporting or raised position as will appear, any suitable lock .or latchi may be provided. That lock may be 20 applied to any part". of the system which enforcedly moves with-.the y.coupler in. its. opening ffmovement, .but .is .preferably applied .directly.to thecouplenitself in ya known form'and manner. .-.As.shown, the lockcomprisesa latch bolt. 5D pro- 25. .jected by a spring 5l and withdrawn .through .the ..-medium of. a manually operable latch ,rod 52..and latch lever 53.M When projected, the bolt projects in front ofnose". 36a.. of -coupler arm 36... When withdrawn, the latch may either-be held-retracted untihthe forwardly moving king-.pin-swngs the coupler. nose past the bolt; or. latch rod 52 may bereleasably'hooked` ina position. where nose. 36a can pass. thebolt by pressing it. further back, 4and `.thus release rtherod 52 .from its hook so that, the bolt will spring back to its fully projected position after couplenarm 3.6 .passes it. (See, for instance, A...Patent .No... 2,355,775 l-for `full description.) .,.In =.either case the latch isready to re-.lockl the cou- `.pier whenever .thelatter swings to the closed posi- .tion of Fig. 2.

As the .king-.pin movesoutwardly in -slot 23..the coupler rmust swing, from the` closed position'.I of L. Fig. 2.clear to the open vposition of Fig. 1 in order .tonally release theking-pin. That is, coupler arm` 36 Ymust swingatfleast to the position (Fig. l) where arm 36 clear-sslot 23'; or, in the design as i. vhere show-n Withslot 35 vhaving a concavely curved forwardwall 5a., the arm must swing toa vposition .Where thenose 36o. at the. outervend oithatslot Iwall clears.slot..23., Thev slot `wall is concavely curved to give the forwardlymoving king-pin a relatively large :mechanical advantage over any forcetending to holdthe coupler from opening, particularly at thestart ofthe opening movement when the king-pin is in-a position at the shortest ...radius frornthe coupler lcenterf As will appear, the openingffcouplermmay in some=instanceshave tov. force. 4the. ,trailer support down and then forcibly lock it.

Except in a few particularsathe-drop leg trailer supporawhich is shown. inV these drawings is. in :.substancethe same as that which forms the. subject-matterI Of'Ratent 2,412,903. ,As best shown inFigs. .3 and 4;. two. supportsl 60 are provided at Aopposite .sides of the .forward part of the trailer ,.frame. These twoy supports are operated directly from a single crossshaft 6l Vwhich' extends across.the-.framel between .-them. Cross shaft 6| carries a sheave 62 about'whichwthecable: 4I, 4,2 isk wrapped orv trained. 1 .As-the operation of the supportsrequiresfless than a half revolution' of shaft 6|,..the cable 4 I, 42 is preferably not merely wrappedaboutsheave. 62 but isV passed around it. as. indicated. in. Fig. Sand is .clamped to the sheave at some suitable point as bythewclamp right and left arrangement.

indicated in Fig. 3 at 63. Seeing that both runs of the cable are positively attached to the coupler and to sheave 62 it is not necessary that the two runs be parts of a single length of cable. Fig. 3 shows the parts in the positions in which the coupler is open (Fig. 1) and the drop leg is down, and shaft 6I and sheave 62 have rotated to the counter-clockwise limit of their rotation. In passing from coupler 25 to sheave 62, the cable 4 I, 42 may either pass over idler sheaves mounted in the frame or over a pair of swinging sectors 64 which, for the limited movement of the cables, perform in substance the same oflices as idler sheaves.

The two supports 6l) are duplicates, except for As shown more particularly in Figs. 5 to 8, each support comprises a casing of which the lower part 10 forms a Vertical guide for the vertically movable support leg 1l, or carries within it the guides 10a which guide the vertically movable leg. At its lower end the leg is equipped for ground engagement, preferably carrying the ground engaging wheels 12 for that purpose. For the purposes of the present invention and application, these ground engaging wheels may be considered merely as the lower ground engaging end of the leg.

The upper or head part 15 of the casing houses and journals a crank-like dog which consists of a crank throw or dog 16 between two crank arms 11 which are carried on trunnions 18 journaled in the housing. By rotation, the dog 15 is adapted to be rotated between the extreme positions of Figs. 6 and '7. Fig. 6 illustrates the position when drop leg 1I is locked by the dog in its lowest position, and Fig. 7 illustrates the position of the dog when the drop leg is raised to its highest Position.

The upper end portion of leg 1l is preferably equipped with several locking shoulders or steps,A

here illustrated as three in number `and designated in upward order by the numerals 8E), 8| and 82. These locking shoulders are stepped both vertically and horizontally from each other and are vertically separated by vertical surfaces y or risers iia and 81a. Each of these locking shoulders, instead of being flat or horizontal, is preferably formed as a curved surface which is concentric with the crank center when that particular shoulder surface is in a position to be `directly engaged by dog 16. And the dog 16 is also formed with a concentrcally curved outer surface. The lowermost step 80 is considerably longer in horizontal extent than the other two steps, the curved step 80 extending from one side surface 84 of the leg to a point approximately at or past the center of the leg. The leg is linked to the dog by a chain or other exible connective element, shown at 85 (diagrammatically in Figs. 6 and 7). The upper end of this exible connector is attached at 86 to the dog and the lower end attached at 81 to the leg. The arrangement is such that, with the dog rotated clockwise to its limiting position (Fig. '7) leg 1l is pulled up to a position where the long lower locking shoulder 8D lies immediately under the forward or lower edge 15a of the dog. As the dog is rotated counter-clockwise from a position of Fig. 7 toward and to the position of Fig. 6, the ground engaging leg will, if unobstructed, drop by its own weight ahead of the downward rotation of the dog. In normal unobstructed operation, the leg will thus drop freely until its lower end engages the ground or roadway, and in the meantime dog 16 will swing in counter-clockwise drection toward the position of Fig. 6, either until it reaches the position of Fig. 6, or until it brings up against one of the vertical step faces a or Bla and over locking shoulder 80 or 8l. In any of those instances the dog will lock the leg down in substantially its ground enga-ging position.

If, however, the leg encounters some obstruction and does not drop far enough to allow dog 16 to pass freely over the lowermost locking step 8B, then enforced rotation of the dog counterclockwise from the position of Fig. '7 will force the dog downward against the outer end edge 812i) of lower shoulder 8B and then force the leg down until the forward edge 16a, of the dog can swing over the outer edge ilb of shoulder 80. Such position of shoulder 80 is indicated in dotted line .in Fig. '7 at 80d. From that point on, further rotation of dog 16 counter-clockwise merely moves the dog over the then concentric shoulder surface 8E), without having to force the leg further down, until the dog brings up against the vertical stop surface 80a. In that position of the dog, to which it is limited if the leg does not drop further, the nose end 16a of the dog is swung to about the position indicated by the line A in Fig. 6. In such a position it has swung through approximately the angle a from its position of Fig. 7, and it is removed from its final position of Fig. 6 by approximately the angle designated b. The total angle through which the dog moves from the position of Fig. '7 to the position of Fig. 6, which is the sum of angles a and b, is designated c. The cable transmission ratio between the coupler of Figs. 1 and 2 and the drop leg operating shaft 6| is preferably such that shaft 6l will normally be rotated through the whole angle c by virtue of rotation of the coupler between its closed and open positions.

If the leg had only one locking 'shoulder such as the shoulder 80, then to force the leg down to that locking position and to fully lock it in that position by the dog passing fully over the locking shoulder, the cable transmission ratio between the coupler and shaft El would be such -that the dog would swing through, say, the'angle b when the coupler swings between closed and open positions. In such an arrangement the opening coupler would force the leg down as before described and lock it in the one position to which it was forced. It is preferred however to have the multistep locking arrangement and to provide means which will enforcedly move the dogs to lock the supports on their first step (or otherwise will not allow the coupler to open) and at the same time will move the dogs to engage higher steps if the legs, or either of them, drop to a position where a higher step can be lockingly engaged. For that purpose the following arrangement is used.

As before stated7 operating shaft 6l is rotated through the full angle C, counter-clockwise in Figs. 6, '7 and 9, when the coupler swings from the closed position of Fig. 2 to the open position of Fig. l. That rotation is transmitted to each support through a lost motion unit which allows each dog 16 to lag behind the movement of shaft Elby an amount equal to the angle b. Figs. 9 and 10 show the lost motion device. Each end of shaft 6I carries a sleeve we which rotates freely on crank shaft 18 of the dog. Two shoulders lll! and lilZ on shaft 18 and a lug 1&3 in sleeve |613 provide movement freedom between them to the extent of angle b. A spring m4 may be used to urge shaft 18 ahead in a counter-clockwise direction (as viewed in Figs. 3, 6, 7 and 9) 103. .f'Ifzthedog off-either.support'` has to force 1 itszleg down;- or if fthefleg; drops 'only farfenough tooallow afdog tofipass'-` over 'lower'.shoulder" 8- r. fand: bring up: againstvertical. surface 80a; then that' dog fallsfbehindstheV full-rotation of' vshaft 6| by taking up the l'ost'motion tothe extent of the angle b.' At the sameztime, ifone ofthe legs f 'has dropped far `enough to allow its dog to move over a higher locking4 shoulder, 8l or 82, its dog will do so, either. under-pressure of spring' |04 or HVby momentum ifthe spring is not used.

In any case', whetherpthe legs have single or 1. -And, due tothe length of shoulder 80, the leg is -safely locked long beforethe coupler opens to freethe king-pin.. The nose-16a. of the dog lies approximately on the line denoted D in Fig.

7 when-the dogbegins to move over shoulder 8D, then in the positionv indicated at 80d in that fig- In that posi-tionthe dog has travelled only through. about half the angle a; and a short furl#therA travel 4past line D yplaces the dog in safe lockingv position over shoulder 80." With the dog f' in thatrsafeposition, the coupler has swung through only about-.one-half of its full opening -angle and its locking arm` 36 still lies at a sharp `angleacross slot 23 andV still holds the king-pin.

rdistortion of the cable: and other "parts,

The safety margin ofthe system is thus very large. That safety margin 'amply takes care of elastic If for any reason a considerable force has to -be exerted to force `a leg down andto move the dog over leg 'shoulder 80 elastic distortion mayallow the cou- -vpler to reach the nalopenposition of Fig. 1': when a the locking dog isshort of Areaching face 80a. Shoulder 85D is long enough that the dog must be well over it, even whenv the partsare all :elas- Vin Fig. 2.

tically distorted under `the maximum stress to which they are subjected.

`But under thoseconditions of operation the f coupler will tend-to'springback from the position of Fig. 1 to a postionlwhere its arm 36 '---will partiallyor even-completely close slot 23. -Such a position is indicated in dotted lines at 36d To enableLthev king-pin freely to reenter the coupler under such conditions, the outer end of arm 36 is provided with an eccentric cam- .mingface 36e. When Vthe rearwardlyV moving king-pin strikes that-face the coupler is momencoupler to closed position. (Fig. 2)

tarily forced to its open position (Fig. 1) to pass the king-pin inwardly.` The king-pin then moves on-rearwardly in slots 23 -and 35 to throw the In so doing it swings the support dogs to `disengage them from the legs and to raisethe legs. The whole system is then finally held locked-by-latch'bolt 5B.v

The mechanism described in the foregoing may be utilized as a mechanism for operating the support without operating specifically as a draft cout I pler between the towing vehicleand the-trailer,

as will be understood from the `foregoing andthe following considerations. Whether` or not the mechanism is locked,.as by latch 50, in the position of Fig. 2,A and, consequently, whether or not fthe .king pin or equivalent member` 24 andthe rotatable coupler s 25. .fpzeriorm the` function' ofi draft-coupling" the; v

chicles.y together,` they ffstill perform the function4 of operating thezsupport through the interconnections HfllZJ.I Insofanl as that function iswconcernedi-thecouplerl25 may be viewed as one which actsas an. operatolrvzfor the support Sand as arcoupler whichcouples:- the relatively moving and removable operating -member` .(,pin P 24): f with s the support. operating;l sysitem. The followingl claims, except as theyzmay be Yotherwise'.specifically. limited, vare to be under- -1 fstood in the sense .here stated.

i I claim:

l. In a tractorandl semi-trailer. combination in which the tractor and trailer are :provided "flwithi co-operatngil elements v including a coupler onone'vehicle and a coupleroperating element onthe other Vehicle, and in which the trailer is provided with azsupport movable betweenpsupporting 'and-Y' nonsupporting .positions `by .back- :and-forth rotation of a support operatingfelef ment; a rotatively mounted coupler unit adapted to rotateb'ack and-.v'forth-between twofpositions, ."-and a flexible '-interconn'ective .belt comprising-two runs each extending between` and connected to "the coupler unit andthe rotary support operating :ielement to'transmit rotational movement between them, the two beltnrunsbeing effectively ucon- `rnected to the rotary coupler-unit and-therotary operating'element' atiopposite sides' of Atheir-reffoffthef coupler .unitiinfone direction or in'the spectiverraxes ofzrotation, so that upon-rotation 'i opposite direction -movement is transmitted to the operating'elernentfby ltension exerted respectively l through'one or the other of'thebelt runs.

2. In a tractorxza'nd semi-trailer combination inwhich the tractor and trailer are providedwith interengagingvdraft elements `including aA draft coupler on one vehicle operable to engageo-the 4draft element on the other Vehicle-and inwhich l *between supporting landr nonsupportingv :posithe 4trailer is: providedfwith a support movable tions by back-and-forth rotation of a supportloperating element; acrotativelyl mounted coupler unitincluding a coupling member havingtwo -armswhich define a draft-element-receivingslotl 'between them, a drum mounted onand rotating with the coupling member, and a flexible interconnectiveabelt:connected tothe coupler unit wrappingaround the'drum and extending to'and connected with thefrotarysupport operating-'element.

3. In atractor and semi-trailer combination in'which the tractor is provided with a coupling element in thenature of aking-pin and the trailer isprovided with structure lforming axlongitudinal king-pin-.receiving 'slot' and further provided with a support .movable between supporting :and f nonsupporting positionsby backA-a'nd forth rotation of afsupport operating`-element;

the combination whichv includes a coupler u'nit .y .'rotatatively mounted" on the trailer over thekingpin Hsloty'said'couplerxunit'` including a -flat vlockl1 ing membery lying closely over the king-pin "slot and havingrtwo spaced arms which dene a king- *.pin locking'slotcbetween them, a drum mounted directly` on" the #locking member' andv extending upwardlyfromiits upper face,: the drum walif-be- `ing aperturedcover the king-pin locking 'slot to Iprovideffor passage ofthe king-pin through the drum -wall,--and acflexible interconnectiveebelt comprising two runs each extending betweenfa'nd f connected. to the'locking member and the rotary --isupport operating element to transmit yrotational .movement between them, the connections of :the :belt runstoltheflo'cking member being in such a plane that both runs Wrap about the drum surface, and at least one of the belt runs being located in a plane which clears the aperture in the drum wall to allow passage of the king-pin.

4. In a tractor and semi-trailer combination in which the tractor and trailer are provided with interengaging draft elements including a draft coupler on one vehicle operable to engage the draft element on the other vehicle, and in which the trailer is provided with a support movable between supporting and nonsupporting positions by back-and-forth rotation of a support operating element; a rotatively mounted coupler unit adapted to rotate back and forth between open and closed positions, a flexible interconnective belt comprising two runs each extending between and connected to the coupler unit and the rotary support operating element to transmit rotational movement between them, and a cam surface on the coupler unit adapted by contact with the draft element on coupling operation to rotatively movement the coupler unit to open position.

5. The combination as defined in claim 3, and including also a cam surface on the outer e-nd of one of the locking member arms and adapted, when engaged by the king-pin moving toward the locking member, to rotate that member in a direction to place the pin locking slot in the path ol the king-pin.

6. In a tractor and semi-trailer combination in which the tractor and trailer yare provided with co-operating elements including a coupler on one vehicle and a coupler operating element on the other vehicle, and in which the trailer is provided with a support movable between supporting and non-supporting positions by movement of an operating member in opposite directions; the combination of a coupler unit adapted to move back and forth between two positions, a tension transmitting connective member connected to and between the coupler unit and the support operating member and acting by transmitted tension to move that member in one direction when the coupler unit moves in one direction, and another tension transmitting connective member connected to and between the coupler unit and the support operating member and acting by transmitted tension to move that member in its opposite direction when the coupler unit moves in its opposite direction.

7. The combination defined in claim 6 and in which the two connective members are flexible.

8. The combination defined in claim 6 and in which the coupler unit includes a rotatively mounted coupling mem-ber having two arms which dene between them a slot to receive the coupler operating element, a drum mounted on and rotating with the coupling member, and also in which the connective members are flexible and are wrapped around the drum.

9. In a tractor and semi-trailer combination in which the tractor and trailer are provided with co-operating elements including a coupler on one vehicle and a coupler operating element on the other vehicle, and in which the trailer is provide with a support movable between supporting and nonsupporting positions; a coupler uni-t comprising a rotatively mounted coupling member having two 4arms which dene between them a slot to receive the coupler operating element and having a drum mounted on and rotating with the coupling member, and two flexible connective members connected to the coupler unit, wrapped around the drum, and connected to the lsupport to move it by virtue of tensions exerted on the connective members when the coupler unit rotates.

10. A coupler unit of the type described, comprising a coupling member having an axis of rotation and having two arms extending from the axis in a radial plane and deiining between them a slot to receive a coupler operating element, a circular wall mounted on the coupling member to rotate therewith and projecting from its plane, the coupler unit being provided with means to which a exible connective member may be secured.

11. A coupler unit of the type described, comprising a coupling member having an axis of rotation and having two arms extending from the axis in a radial plane and defining between them a slot to receive a coupler operating element, a circular wall mounted on the coupling member to rotate therewith and projecting from its plane, the coupler unit being provided with means to which two exible connective members may be secured in two planes spaced from the plane of the coupling member one further than the other.

12. A coupler unit of the type described, comprising a at coupling member having an axis of rotation normal to its plane, said member having two spaced radially extending arms which denne between them a slot to receive a coupler operating member, a drum mounted directly on the coupling member and extending axially from one of its faces, the drum wall being apertured over the slot to provide for passage of the operating member through the drum wall, the coupler unit being provided with means to which a flexible connective member may be secured in a plane spaced from said face of the coupling member and between the end planes of the drum.

WALTER BENNETT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,923,255 Chambers Aug. 22, 1933 2,215,903 Edwards Sept. 24, 1940 

